圈养狼(Canis lupus)的繁殖行为学研究

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	圈养狼(Canis lupus)的繁殖行为学研究
其他题名	STUDIES ON BREEDING BEHAVIOR OF CAPTIVE WOLF（Canis lupus）
	沙未来
学位类型	博士
导师	张洪海
	2007-06-15
学位授予单位	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
学位授予地点	西北高原生物研究所
关键词	狼繁殖发情期交配行为产仔行为类固醇激素孕酮睾酮雌二醇圈养高效液相色谱(Hplc)
摘要	本研究在哈尔滨北方森林动物园实施。采用行为录像的方法分别观察记录了圈养狼从发情交配到产仔分娩的行为数据，并在不同时期采集动物粪便，利用化学分析方法抽提和检测研究对象在繁殖期性腺激素的代谢水平，建立了基本的性腺激素在繁殖期的基本资料。主要结果和结论如下：采用全事件取样法和焦点动物取样法，在2005 年10 月至2006 年4月，对北方森林动物园里的4对狼进行繁殖各阶段行为观察，并在预观察阶段将动物行为区分出个体行为和交配行为两类，建立了行为谱。发情交配期间，雄狼的嗥叫、嗅闻、标记覆盖、修饰行为发生频次显著高于非发情期，而打扰邻舍行为的发生频次则显著低于发情前期。雌狼的活动、嗥叫、嗅闻、标记覆盖、修饰、打扰邻舍行为发生频次显著高于非发情期，而静止站立行为的发生频次则显著低于非发情期。雌狼是交配行为的积极发动者，主动向雄狼发出交配信息。雌狼在雄狼面前拦截雄狼，以鼻吻部轻触雄狼颈部，有阻止雄狼前进的企图。频繁的在雄狼左右转动身体。以鼻吻部嗅闻雄狼臀部或阴茎。尾巴上翘或偏向一侧或不停的摇动。当雄狼有意交配后, 雌狼则站立不动，尾巴偏向一侧，腰部微下躬。通过4对狼交配参数的比较发现，交配平均持续时间为534.35±402.43s。对交配参数进行单因素方差分析，四只雄狼的抽插时间没有差异（P=0.827>0.05），而其锁结行为的时间差异极其显著（P=0.000<0.01）。在46次交配中有32次发生在10:00之前和14:00之后，占69.6%。在中午时分很少有交配行为发生。人工饲养条件下狼的繁殖基本维持了野生狼的繁殖习性。本研究共观察记录了4只雌狼的产仔数据，累计观察时间40038s，观察到各类产仔行为2035次。雌狼在产房卧躺、努责、亲仔和舔食行为发生频率较高,分别为16.12% 、11.35% 30.81%和27.47％,总和达所有行为频次总和的85% 以上。从时间分配角度看,与行为发生的频率一致，雌狼在产房卧躺、努责、亲仔和舔食时间相对较长,分别为14.72% 、8.26%、34.15%,和23.95%。这四种行为应该是狼产仔的典型行为。采用非损伤性方法收集动物粪便，通过粪样激素抽提，利用化学衍生技术，对抽提样品进行衍生，采用高效液相色谱分析法（HPLC），成功实现对狼粪样中的类固醇激素进行分离。雌狼发情前雌二醇(E2)的含量一直处于较低水平，进入发情后含量会迅速升高至峰值且发情期间在较高的水平波动，这与多数哺乳动物发情期雌二醇(E2)出现峰值的现象基本一致，峰值的出项即是雌狼发情的高潮期的来临。雄狼的睾酮水平变化与季节有关，在发情期内睾酮水平保持较高水平。雄狼的许多繁殖行为在各阶段有显著差异。繁殖行为的变化与其睾酮水平的高低变化一致。这些结果均表明雄狼的睾酮水平变化与繁殖行为的发生密切相关。
其他摘要	This research was executed in Harbin north-forest zoo. The main findings and results are as follows: The reproductive behavior at different periods of 4 pairs of wolf was investigated. The wolves’ behavior was divided into individual behaviors and mating behaviors at initial stage. And the behavioral pattern was established. In the estrus period, the behaviors such as howling, sniffing, mark covering and grooming of male wolf differed obviously. The frequency of these behaviors in estrus period was higher than that in the non-estrus period. While the frequency of disturbing in estrus period was lower than that in proestrus period. In estrus period, the frequency of these behaviors such as moving, howling, sniffing, mark covering, grooming, disturbing neighbors of females was higher than that in the non-estrus period, while the frequency of steady standing was lower in estrus period than that in the non-estrus period. The female wolf was the active in the mating behavior. She would voluntarily send mating information to male wolf. The female wolf usually holds up the male wolf in the front, osculated the neck of the male wolf with her nose, attempting to hold back the male wolf. Besides, she would wander around the male wolf, osculated the buttocks and the membrum of the male wolf with her nose, with her tail flowering arm or staying at one side or shaking on and on. By the comparison of the mating parameter of the four pairs of wolves, the average of the mating time lasted 534.35±402.43s. Based on the one-factor analysis of variance of the mating parameter, there was no difference on the thrusting time (P=0.827>0.05), while there was great difference on the locking time (P=0.000< 0.01). While in the research of the reproductive behavior of the captive wolf, it was found that 32 out of 46 mating events happened before 10:00 or after 14:00, about 69.6%. There were few mating behaviors at noon. The reproductive behavior of captive wolf basically conformed to the reproductive rule of the wild wolf. In this study, the littering information of 4 female wolves was recorded. There were 2035 times of littering behavior recorded, 40038s in total. According to the Parturition behavior of the four female wolves, the frequency of lying, abdominal contraction, parental behavior and lapping was higher, 16.12%, 11.35%, 30.81% and 27.47％ respectively. The total frequency of the four behaviors reached above 85% of the all behaviors. The frequency of these four behaviors conformed to their lasting time. The lasting time of lying, abdominal contraction, parental behavior and lapping accounted for 14.72%, 8.26%, 34.15% and 23.95% respectively. These four behaviors were suggested to be the typical behavior for littering, and parental behavior and lapping were the main typical behaviors in the course of littering. Before estrus, the content of estradiol in the body of female wolf was in low level, and it would ascend rapidly to the peak value and fluctuate at a high level.The arrival of the peak value was the symbol of female wolves’ high tide in her estrus. The content level of male wolves’ testosterone related to seasons, and it kept a high level in estrus. The reproductive behavior of male wolf varied distinctly in different stages, and this change accorded to the level of testosterone. These results suggest that the content change of male wolves’ testosterone is tightly related with their reproductive behavior.
页数	128
语种	中文
文献类型	学位论文
条目标识符	http://210.75.249.4/handle/363003/3092
专题	中国科学院西北高原生物研究所
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	沙未来. 圈养狼(Canis lupus)的繁殖行为学研究[D]. 西北高原生物研究所. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,2007.

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